1Social and political upheavals in southern Africa between 1800 and 1850Lina Hamouda Jessica Cammaert CHST 533 –Africa Before 1850Friday, November 6th2020

Theearly 19thcentury was the time of immense upheaval related to the Zulu kingdom’s military enlargement, which was referredto as the difaqane (forced migration) by the Sotho speakers. In contrast, the Zulu speakers referredto this period as Mfecane (crushing)(Parnell, 2002).the full causes of the Zulu kingdom had a certain significance. Nguni tribes started to movefrom a lessorganized kingdom to an established militaristic state. Thechief of the Zulu clan’s sonShaka Zulubecame the motivating factorbehind themove. He, therefore, took placein consolidating strengthin his own hands. He builds armedforces by smashing from the traditional clanby allocating the multitudeunder his own officers’ commandrather thanthe hereditary chiefs (Schoenbrun, 2006). Shaka, therefore, set forth huge enlargement programs, mistreatingthose who combat in the territories he won. in the process, people who wereon the wayof Shakesof armed forcedeparted away, making themselvesfighters against their neighbors. These signals of replacementopenedout through southern Africa andfar off. It speeded up the formation of some countrieslike Lesotho and Swaziland. Thispaper will try to answer the question of, what were the major causesof upheavals witnessed in South Africa in the 19thcentury.The research will be using secondary sources to generate findings and information on the research topic. One of the secondary sources is the SouthAfrica Act, 1909, whichwasformed by the British parliament that promotedthe unity of SouthAfrica from the British colonies of the Cape of GoodHope.The article will be significant because it will help discover how the British colonies and South Africans were united. Another source is Mensah’s book; TheMfecane and its effects, which talks about the emergence ofwars that destroyed Southern Africa and centralAfricabetween 1820 and 1835, which caused migration and continuouswars that submergedin differentareasbetween the countries over resources and land. The article will be significant because it will explainwhy Mfecane is viewedas a single activityand will also discuss the causes and effects ofthe questions

focused on the researchfindings. Finally, the research will also use Dowson’s book, Mfecane Aftermath, which talks about the period of the 19thcentury, which was brought about by theconsequences on the appearance of the strongZulu kingdom under Shaka, which was advised broadly as a central episode of south African past report. The article is significant as it looks into the nature ofpast debates and inspectsthe previous histography’s undeterminedfoundations. The research will not use other methods of collecting data, such as questionnaires and interviews. Other topics like conceptual framework, critiques of the existing literature, theoretical framework, and sampling techniques will not be used in this research proposal. The research will discuss the slavery of Southern Africa, which was brought up by the Britishcolonies. The research will also discuss the brutalwars whichdestroyed south and centralAfrica, causing migration of the people. Finally,the research will discuss the consequences of the appearanceof the strongZulu kingdom, which gives southern Africa history.The concept that will be excluded in the research finding is the link between inequality and other major global trends, focusing on technological change,climate change, and urbanization. The other concept excluded in the research is the cultural creativity andpolitical adaptation of southern Africancoloredcommunities.