Bioethics Case Study

In this assignment, you will use the case of Henrietta Lacks as a jumping off point to consider the ethicsof informed consent in research on human subjects. The following four questions should be answered inparagraph format – you can answer each one separately in a numbered list, but each answer shouldconsist of a paragraph. I want you to put things in your own words, but you also need to cite sources forideas that don’t come from your own brain! Plagiarism will get you a zero on this assignment. Whenasked for an opinion, please provide information to back up that opinion – for example in the lastquestion in #4, don’t just say yes or no, but tell me WHY you think the policies go far enough, or why youthink the policies DON’T go far enough.Your grade here is based on how thoroughly you answer the questions, and whether or not you providereasoning for your answers, rather than a right or wrong answer since ethical questions are not usuallyso black and white. You will also be graded on spelling and grammar!1.In your own words, briefly describe what happened when Henrietta Lacks went to thedoctor at Johns Hopkins in 1951. What was so important about her cells, what were they beingused for?2.In your own words, what is informed consent for research, and why is this an importantethical consideration for research involving human subjects? Using the booklet from USC aboutinformed consent in human research, what items do you see in this current protocol that wouldhave been violated if what happened to Henrietta Lacks had happened today?3.In the video link, the director of the NIH (National Institutes of Health) is discussing arecent (2017) agreement that was reached between the NIH and the Lacks family regarding anew issue that arose with the use of HeLa cells. The genome of these cells was sequenced,providing important information about changes in the DNA that caused these cells to becomecancerous, but also potentially providing information about the DNA of the surviving Lacksfamily members. Why is this a concern for the family? What did the NIH do to comply withcurrent informed consent policies in this case? Does this go far enough? Why or why not?4.There are unfortunately many cases in the past, around the world, of horrifyingexperiments done with human patients without informed consent. Looking at some of thesecases (I provide links to the Wikipedia pages for some of them below, but feel free to researchyour own), what do they seem to have in common (in the mindset of the researchers, in thepopulations of “patients” being used for the research, in the justifications provided)? Giventhese, do you think current policies like the one from USC go far enough to protect subjects?