Human Services Essay- APA Format

I need a paper that explains how the history of human services led to the way we now interact with clients. Include examples from at least three of the eras discussed in the history of the Human Services Professions. Weave in how understanding recent issues in the news will play into how you deal with diverse clientele. The written portion should be 2 pages long, and also include an abstract page(150-200 words) and title page.
Attached you will find notes that have been provided by my professor, so you can use as a guideline for what to include in this paper.

History of Human Services

The Age of Reason

Europe: (1247-late 1700s)

• Bedlam- an asylum for the mentally ill, criminal insane, and mentally retarded
• Elizabethan Poor Laws provided resources for the deserving poor
• Philipe Pinel: Took off the chains and offered food and shelter

Colonial America:

• Democracy was born
• Services provided for children and the poor to keep the streets clean and free from the Plague
• Christian Base was 2-fold: 1. Salem Witch Trials and 2. Responding to a growing need for humanitarian treatment
• Individual Rights and the Pursuit of Happiness
• Education in the United States: Horace Mann and Thomas Jefferson, the great Equalizer and Mandatory Education. Government funded education and the foundation of the standard of prosperous living

The 19th Century: Foundation for Modern Human Services

Scientist formed an interest on the causes of deviant behavior (like crime, mental illness and poverty)

• Cesare Lombroso began to study criminals, and scientists separated criminals from people thought to be experiencing mental illness.
• Emil Kraepelin started dividing different mental illnesses into categories
• Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalytic theory which changed the face of how mental health illnesses are not only thought of but also treated.

Social Welfare:

• Dorothea Dix championed prison reform by becoming a “voice for the mad.” Dorothea was one of the first people who addressed living conditions in prison and persuaded state governments to take better care of those in prison and mental hospitals.
• Jane Addams founded Hull House, which was the basis of other houses for people who were in deep poverty.
• Elmira Reformatory was founded in Pennsylvania and was the first US prison to use “time off for good behavior.”

20th Century

Increased government Involvement

• Studies into poverty and its causes and responses
• Government agencies created to deal with Mental Health, Criminal Justice, Social Welfare and Education
• Department of Health and Human Services was created
• Mental Health Models Evolved from Psychoanalysis to HMOs. Grassroots Non-Profits started trying to meet the needs of people in a variety of ways- mental health through social welfare.
• Mental Health Treatment saw the de-institutionalization of mental illness in the 1950s and the Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963 which opened up funding for local centers.
• Social Welfare Reforms grew from FDR’s New Deal to programs such as food stamps, Medicaid, Medicare, and welfare being formed. This led to the employment of thousands of social and human services workers.
• Criminal Justice shifted to become reform based.
• Educational systems were integrated and the use of special education and social and human services workers in schools began.

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