Medicine and Health

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COVID-19 –around the world

COVID-19 also known as the coronavirus is caused by SARS – CoV2. The first outbreak is in Wuhan China on December 2019. The virus is most commonly spread between the contact of people and patient who had the virus will experience fever, cough, breath difficulty, fatigue, and etc. Currently the virus has killed 1.34 million around the world and with 55.6 million confirm cases and it’s still increasing. The outbreak of the COVID – 19 crises has strongly impacted the whole world and our everyday living. And it also exposes the issues with how different government around the world react to the virus.

In December of 2019, in Wuhan China an unknown pneumonia appears with symptom of fever, dry cough, and fatigue. And based on research its origin from a seafood market. According to Wu Yi-Chi from journal of the Chinese medical association “The initial outbreak was reported in the market in December 2019 and involved about 66% of the staff there. The market was shut down on January 1, 2020, after the announcement of an epidemiologic alert by the local health authority on December 31, 2019.”  Chinese New Year was around the time and large population are happening during the time period which helps the spread of the virus from Wuhan to the rest of the world. This is very similar to what happen in 2003. The outbreak of SARS back in 2003 in southeast China. The mortality rate of the SARS was around 10 to 15 percent. Which is a lot higher than what we are currently experience right now. From previous experience with SARS, Chinese government was able to respond to the COVID-19 right away. According Al Takarli, China was able to inform WHO (World Health Organization) when there’s only 27 pneumonia cases and start tracing the origin of the virus and found that live bats were being sold. And that’s what believed to be the origin of the virus. Al Takarli also states that “The Chinese authorities immediately closed the market on January 1, 2020, as a method to terminate all meat trades, and then started environmental assessment to confirm the association and to prevent further transmission. On January 3, 2020, 3 days after the first notification.”  And with more than 1,800 teams of epidemiologists tracing more than tens of thousands of people a day in the outbreak zone of Wuhan. And community wide temperature monitoring is installed in airports, train stations, and bus stations to monitor passengers in real time. And thousands of quarantine stations are built for passengers. Chinese government also forces people who had COVID-19 to be isolated. And new tracking system has been developed by the Chinese government to track people’s travel history to see if people need quarantine. “The Chinese government has been investing in new high technology tracking systems as well. One example is the smartphone application which is based on a health code color system that categorizes individuals into three color groups based on their health status and travel history, and then determine whether they need to be quarantined.” And street camera will catch people and fine the people who doesn’t wear a mask in public area. In January 22 Hubei province and Wuhan announce the lock down of the city to stop the spreading of the virus. The lockdown lasted for 76 days and 14,000 health checkpoints were established in public transportation throughout the whole country. Chinese government also built two hospitals in Wuhan, the Huoshen shan and the Leishen shan, translated to thunder mountain god and fire mountain god which is strongly influenced by the Daoist. Chinese traditional medicine also plays a big part in this pandemic. According to Zhenyu Zhao from Phytomedicine “TCM is effective in preventing COVID-19, and medical staff can prevent an iatrogenic infection by taking a decoction made based on the principles of TCM. As of March 13, 2020, new cases of COVID-19 in China have decreased in number to single digits. TCM’s curative effect was outstanding, with a national participation rate of over 90%. More than 70,000 people were cured of COVID-19 and discharged from the hospital. Only approximately 10,000 patients are currently being treated, and the total treatment time is approximately 2 months.” Which means that TCM currently works the best to prevent COVID-19. The Chinese government also provides health packs for Chinese students around the world which contains “LianHua QingWen” which is also a kind of TCM. Currently China has managed to control COVID-19.

According to Talha Burki from The Lancet Infectious Diseases, China has confirmed cases of 90,604 and 4739 deaths on Oct 4, while the United States has 7,382,194. And reason behind this is the people of china is very alert and able to responded to the new COVID-19 right away due to their experience with SARS back in the 2003. But all of these comes down to how have did the Chinese government response to the issues. Talha Burki ““The speed of China’s response was the crucial factor”, explains Gregory Poland, director of the Vaccine Research Group at the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, Minnesota, USA). “They moved very quickly to stop transmission. Other countries, even though they had much longer to prepare for the arrival of the virus, delayed their response and that meant they lost control”. The first reported cases of the disease that came to be known as COVID-19 occurred in Wuhan, Hubei province, in late December 2019. China released the genomic sequence of the virus on Jan 10, 2020, and began enacting a raft of rigorous countermeasures later in the same month.” This shows that China were able to react to the issues right away and start tracking the virus. And with the people cooperating together is the secret behind the success of controlling COVID. As of November 22, the confirm cases is around 15 per day with total cases of 86,442, 4,634 deaths and 81,493 recovered.

On the other hand, the United States currently has the most confirmed cases and the most deaths among the world. The first non-travel related COVID-19 confirm cases in the US was on February 26. According to CDC, there were 14 confirm cases that are related to travel started from January 21. And on February 28, second cases of non-travel related case were found. And the first death of COVID-19 was on February 6. And this shows that community transmission of COVID-19 started before February. The first widely outbreak of the virus was in New York City. Honoratus Van Bakel, PhD from Mount Sinai states that “New York City has become one of the major epicenters of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the US with more than 4,000 fatalities in the metropolitan area.  The government instituted targeted screening of suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and a series of successive nation-wide travel restrictions to curtail SARS-CoV-2 introductions into the US from outbreak hotspots in China, Iran, and later mainland European countries to the continental United States.”  U.S government had issued travel restrictions and national travel ban from China on January, 31. However its only for non-U.S. citizens only. Which doesn’t fully stop the transmission of the virus. The outbreak of the COVID-19 had strongly affected people’s lives.

Small business firms in NYC like book stores and restaurants were closing down due to the pandemic. NYC were under lock downs stores were force to shut down to stop the transmission of the virus. According to Tory Closson, from New York Times “Nearly 3,000 small businesses in New York City have closed for good in the past four months, blaming falling revenue, vanished tourism and ballooning debt, especially for overdue rent. Some older businesses pointed to their failure to develop robust online commerce that might have carried them through the tough times.” Even though the shutdown had strongly impacted New Yorkers everyday living, but confirmed cases are slowly being control. Face covering and social distancing also plays a big part lowering the spread. However, the confirmed rate is still going up each day.

Based on U.S Department of the treasury the federal governments had issues a 6.2 trillion finical packages to support unemployment and small business firm. And, an average family will receive 3400 dollars through direct deposit. Workers who lost their jobs will receive their full salary for 4 full months, 500 billion will go toward impacted industry. And 100 billion dollars to support medical care, including doctors, nurses and hospital. However, during the outbreak New York is still lacking medical equipment. And clearly the government was not prepared for this. According to governor Andrew Cuomo New York only receive 400 ventilators when it needs 30,000. And without enough medical equipment the state is experimenting two patients sharing one ventilator. Lacking of medical equipment directly leads to the high confirm rate and unable to treat patient in time, which can directly cause multiple death. Many businesses have reopened when the city is well unprepared for, and the case number will only increase. Base on the PBS Frontline Documentary “Coronavirus Pandemic” and “Contested legitimacy for anthropologists involved in medical humanitarian action: experiences from the 2014-2016 West Africa Ebola epidemic” we can see that there’s multiple dimensions of why confirm cases is still going up every day. Anthropologists examinates the issues from many different aspects like social, political, cultural and economic. And the spread of the virus can associate with all of the aspect that was listed. During the pandemic one issues I found was that its hard for everyone to cooperate, like following COVID restrictions. According to Jackie Salo from New York Post “Dozens of people gathered in Southern California for a late-night “Curfew Breakers” protest against the new curfew imposed to help prevent the spread of COVID-19” with people protest against restriction to prevent COVID, people should work together more and help preventing COVID spread instead of gathering together protesting about the restriction. This happens to multiple cities throughout the nation. People are being too relaxed and careless over time, which will result in forgetting the risk of COVID. As reported by Susan Edeiman from New York post “A Hasidic synagogue in Brooklyn planned the wedding of a chief rabbi’s grandson with such secrecy it was able to host thousands of mask less celebrants without the city catching on.” People from different cultural backgrounds were also a factor of COVID spreading. And the main issues are that people don’t follow the restrictions. Students is another group of people don’t see COVID as a big deal. Students thinks that COVID are not a big deal and with school opening student become the super spreader of the virus. Based on Cindy Krischer Goodman and Lois K. Solomon, “Florida has seen a 23% jump in cases in the 15-24 age group, about 20,302 new infections — a trend that mirrors what is happening nationwide.” And “The true spread among college students may be impossible to know. Students aren’t always reporting cases or getting tested. But what is known is that young adults are the super-spreaders who have more social interactions and infect large numbers of others on and off campuses.” College students don’t take the virus seriously instead they think that the big fear is not the virus but the restrictions. College student are impossible to control, and with mindset of COVID is not a big deal make it even harder for school community to control the spread of the virus. With student not cooperating and testing we never know the real number of confirm cases. Cindy also states that “In recent weeks, various Florida university campuses have reported hundreds of new coronavirus cases even as they have tried to clamp down on a lack of social distancing at bars, parties and football games.” Even with the restrictions the number of cases still going up. And research found that students and employees who show symptoms fears that they will be socially isolated and will affects others at the same time. This shows that social pressures are might be what causes the spreads in the college community. Young adults in the ages of 20s should take the virus seriously to prevent furthers spread of the virus.

According to Russell Sage Foundation people of color and non-citizens are mostly affected by COVID because of their unstable living condition in areas that’s lacking resources. Due to the low income and very few federal benefits live of these people are being impacted. The pandemic also contributes to an increase in xenophobia. In this case the Chinese or Asian were being blame for the virus. And this had strongly impacted the live of Chinese in America. According to Marietta Vazquez from Yale School of Medicine government officials were influencing people by referring COVID-19 as “ChinaVirus” or “WuhanVirus.” And this is inaccurate and xenophobic. This had directly hurt individual or a group of people socially and mentally. Researcher from Berkeley Public Health states that “from March 8 to March 30, 2020, the level of implicit racial bias against Asian Americans not only increased for the first time in 13 years of steady decline, but also increased enough to offset more than three years of prior progress.” During the pandemic the stereotype toward Asian had increase significantly. And this can lead to hiring discrimination and health inequities for Asian American. The misusing of terms will result in negatively influence of public. COVID had strongly impacted everyone everyday living. Currently United State have 12.5 million confirm cases with around 150,000 increase per day and around 258,000 total deaths. As of November 24 New York, City announce the second lock down due to the COVID. And New York City would become orange zone city wide.

So why was China able to control COVID cases and United Staten not. There are a few factors to it. How government react to the issues. China completely lock down Wuhan on January 23 and affect around 57 million people. And 13 million quarantined in Wuhan. Chinese government had blocked the virus within Wuhan to stop the spread. On the other hand, New York City also went through lockdown, but its totally different. Some restrictions are schools and non- essential business were required to shut down for 14 days. According to New York Times lockdown are divided into different zones “virus hot spots into zones of red, orange and yellow on a map, according to their severity — were intended to combat worrisome test positivity rates in Brooklyn, Queens and New York City’s northern suburbs. The lockdown also imposed tight restrictions on houses of worship and restaurants.” Although lockdown did lower the confirm cases, but it doesn’t stop the virus completely. Which is cause by the people. Another reason of the high confirm cases is because that people just don’t take it seriously. When people not cooperating and follow the restriction there’s no way that the COVID will stop.

COVID-19 more or less have affected the whole world. Some country has well controlled the virus and some still struggling. Country like China has controlled the virus, but with sacrifice. New York city lockdown also cause multiple small business, like restaurant and stores to shut down permanently. And directly cause large unemployment. This strongly impacted groups that are currently have unstable jobs or living environment like non-citizen immigrants. And the main reason of why US is still struggling is the people. College student ignoring restrictions that meant to stop the spreading. People are still having wedding during the pandemic without wearing mask. The attitude of people to ward the virus is what cause the large spread of the virus in United State.

Works Cited

Wu, Yi-Chi^a; Chen, Ching-Sung^a; Chan, Yu-Jiun “The outbreak of COVID-19: An overview” Journal of the Chinese Medical Association, March 2020
https://journals.lww.com/jcma/fulltext/2020/03000/the_outbreak_of_covid_19__an_overview.3.aspx

AlTakarli N.S. “China’s Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Model for Epidemic
Preparedness and Management” Dubai Medical Journal, August 2020
https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/508448

Zhenyu Zhao, Yanda Li, Liangyun Zhou, Xiuteng Zhou, Bowen Xie, Wenjin Zhang, and Jiahui Sun “Prevention and treatment of COVID-19 using Traditional Chinese Medicine: A review” US National Library of Medicine, August 2020

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7439087/

Talha Burki “China’s successful control of COVID-19” THE LANCET Infectious Diseases. November 1

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(20)30800-8/fulltext

CDC COVID-19 Response Team “evidence for limited early spread of COVID-19 Within the United States, January-February 2020” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, May 2020

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6922e1.htm

Geoff Whitmore “When Did President Trump Ban Travel From China? And Can You Travel To China Now?” Forbes, Oct 19

https://www.forbes.com/sites/geoffwhitmore/2020/10/19/when-did-president-trump-ban-travel-from-china-and-can-you-travel-to-china-now/?sh=6f477da74847

Liz Lucking “New York’s shutdown extended to mid-May as social distancing appears to be working” Market Watch, April 2020
https://www.marketwatch.com/story/new-yorks-shutdown-extended-to-mid-may-as-social-distancing-appears-to-be-working-2020-04-16

Susan Edeiman “Secret plans helped Brooklyn synagogue pull off massive, maskless wedding” New York Post, Nov 2020

https://nypost.com/2020/11/21/secret-plans-helped-synagogue-pull-off-massive-maskless-wedding/

Cindy Kriscger Goodman and Lois K. Solomon “Florida’s college students view COVID-19 as no big deal just want to get it over with” SunSentinel, Sep 2020

https://www.sun-sentinel.com/coronavirus/fl-ne-covid-colleges-no-big-deal-20200926-5jdnrp5l5jdufmjez6isiikhau-story.html

U.S Department of The Treasury “What the Federal Government is Doing in Response to COVID-19” U.S Department of The Treasury, November 2020

https://home.treasury.gov/fedresponse

Noah Higgins-Dunn and Will Feuer “Gov. Cuomo says New York needs ventilators now, help from GM and Ford ‘does us no good” CNBC, March 2020
https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/24/gov-cuomo-says-new-york-needs-ventilators-now-help-from-gm-ford-does-us-no-good.html

PBS Frontline “Coronavirus Pandemic” PBS, April 2020
https://www.pbs.org/video/coronavirus-pandemic-w1akqx/

 

1) thesis and supporting points,     4/5

2) use of course materials,               4/5

3) effective use of research,             5/5

4) organization and writing,           3/5

Total                                                 16/20

You’ve done a nice job with this draft paper!  Your paper would be stronger if you did a bit more analysis to strengthen your thesis and set of supporting points.  You’ve made a number of great points in your comparison/contrast of the Chinese and U.S. approaches to the pandemic.  Some consolidation and reorganization to make these points more compelling would help.  Finally, there are a number of grammatical errors, some of which I’ve corrected to make it easier to read, others I’ve left for you to correct.  I’m not taking off points for these mistakes.  Your ideas are clear.  But, the more you can straighten out grammatical things, the easier the paper will be to read.  Try using the Tools in Microsoft Word to help you check this.  Also, choose a citation style (Chicago, APA, MLA, etc.) and use it for in-text and your works cited list. This will also help the flow.  See the sidebar comments and let me know if you have questions.