Biology Questions

Chapters 2 & 3 Review

Name: ____________________________

 

Purpose: The purpose of this exercise is to review basic chemical bonding as well as the structure and function of macromolecules in biology. In chapter 2 we learn that atoms form chemical bonds to form larger structures called molecules. In chapter 3 we learn that there are four main categories of macromolecules that are important for life. Without each type of molecule, we would not be able to survive. DNA is necessary to code for proteins. Proteins carry out most of the cell’s day-to-day function. Lipids are important for forming the cell membrane, energy storage, and protection while carbs serve as the cell’s main energy source.

 

Task: Complete questions 1-30 and the chemistry concept map individually or in groups. Turn in a copy of your completed work into the chapter 2 & 3 assignment dropbox. Refer to the document “How to Make a Concept” in class resources. I will post a copy showing how to start the map.

 

1. Monosaccharides, particularly _________, are an important source of energy for a cell.

 

2. ________________ are the building blocks for proteins.

 

3. RNA and DNA are polymers made up of _______________.

 

4. This macromolecule makes up the majority of a cell’s plasma membrane ___________.

 

5. Cellulose, found in ________, and glycogen, found in __ ____________ , are examples of this type of polymer ________________________.

 

6. Alpha helices and beta sheets are examples of this type ______________ of protein structure.

 

7. Sucrose and maltose are examples of this type of macromolecule. ______________.

 

8. ___________________ is a lipid that is sometimes found in the plasma membrane of a cell and can be converted into hormones.

 

9. These sugars, _________________, are a component of nucleotides.

 

10. This molecule, ____________________ is a major source of cellular energy.

 

11. Lipids whose hydrocarbon chains with all the carbon atoms with single bonds are said to be ______________________.

 

12. Lipids whose hydrocarbon chains with some carbon atoms with double bonds are said to be ______________________

 

13. Proteins that speed up and carry out chemical reactions are called _______________.

 

14. Testosterone is a hormone composed from ________________ whereas insulin is composed of _________________________

 

15. Genes are stretches of _____________ that code for _______________.

 

16. Dehydration synthesis reactions typically require energy (ATP) input to carry out the reaction. his is an example of ___________________.

 

17. ____________________ describes molecules that are able to mix with water.

 

18. Oil is an example of a molecule that does not mix with water. Oils and similar types of molecules are termed ______________________

 

19. Reactions that result in the production of polymers from monomers (taking smaller molecules and linking them together to form larger molecules) is an example of __ _______________

 

20. Reactions that result in the production of monomers from polymers (taking larger molecules and breaking them down into smaller molecules) is an example of ______________

 

21. The addition of _________________ increases the acidity of a solution.

 

22. Refer to the figure. Which of the following is true regarding the labeled plasma membrane?
    A. Parts X and Z are hydrophobic.
    B. Parts W and Z are hydrophilic.
    C. Parts X and Y are hydrophilic.
    D. Parts W and Y are hydrophobic.

 

 

 

23. A starch molecule is to glucose as
24. a protein is to a polypeptide.
    B. DNA is to an amino acid.
    C. a lipid is to nucleic acid.
    D. a protein is to an amino acid

 

 

24. A water molecule, as shown to the right, is polar. Explain polarity and why water is polar?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

25. Describe and explain the properties of water and why it is an important molecule to life.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

26. Why can some insects walk on water?

 

 

 

 

 

27. Water molecules are shown in the diagram below. What intermolecular is missing from this diagram and why is this intermolecular interaction important for water molecules?

 

 

 

 

Why is this intermolecular interaction important for protein and DNA structure?

 

 

 

 

28. The type of bond that would form from the transfer of an electron from one atom to another, shown below in the figure, is a(n)_____________________

 

 

What atom becomes the cation?

 

What atom becomes the anion?

 

 

 

 

29. What makes covalent bonds different that ionic bonds
30. Referring to the figure of the plasma membrane to the right, imagine a protein spans across the entire cell membrane. What is the chemical nature of these transmembrane proteins?

 

Criteria for success: In the short answer/critical thinking questions be sure to explain your answer thoroughly. Restating the question in different terms does not show understanding of the concept and critical thinking. For example, for part three of question 36, it is not enough to say “water is polar which is why insects can walk on water”. Instead explain how the polarity of water leads to certain properties for these molecules.