sing Your Own Words, Answer  All The Following Questions In Full, Well-Composed Sentences (At Least 2-3 Sentences for each question). You need to use at least 1 reference.

Questions for Thought and Review:

1.  Clinical samples from patients must be handled in such a way as to avoid contamination. What are some of the ways a clinical sample can be contaminated from the time it is taken from the patient to the time it is analyzed in the laboratory?

2. When looking at the environmental requirements of microbes (pH, oxygen, etc.), the terms “tolerant” and “obligate” are often used. Give one example of
why being tolerant is better than being obligate.

3. Explain why aerotolerant and microaerophilic microbes can’t survive high oxygen levels but they can survive low levels.

4. a lake at an open-pit copper mine in Montana is very acidic and severely contaminated with dissolved media, despite the low pH, many bacteria and fungi with optimum pH of basic can grow in the lake. How these microorganisms can live in this condition?