Be able to match the following terms with their definitions:

Be able to identify the following:

• What happens in protein synthesis during transcription and translation
• The complimentary mRNA codons for a DNA sequence
• The difference between sex and gender & the biological factors that help to determine sex
• How meiosis produces genetic variation
• Key characteristics of the 4 Mendelian inheritance patterns (autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked dominant, X-linked recessive) and how to interpret pedigree diagrams.
• The difference between homologous and analogous traits

Essay Section – Be able to describe and explain:

Select ANY two of six Essay Questions to answer (20 points each; 40 points total). Essays must be written in your own words and are graded solely on content (no in-text citations required, no points deducted for minor spelling/grammatical errors)

oHowscientific claims are evaluated

oTwomethods for estimating the heritability of complex traits, and at least twolimitations associated with each

oCRISPRgene editing technology and the difference between somatic and germlineapproaches.

o The role of variation, theenvironment, and fitness in natural selection.

oThedifference between the Neutral theory of evolution and the Modern Synthesis, aswell as evidence used to support each.

oHowfossil classification differs from that for living species, and at least onelimitation of this approach.