Please answer the attached 41 statistics questions. No need to show work. Just select the correct answer choice.

1.When the regression line is written in standard form (using z scores), the slope is called z_r.

True or False?

2. The coefficient of determination is given by SS_Explained/SS_T.

True or false?

3. Nonparametric tests are useful for data that are measured only at the nominal or ordinal level of measurement.

True or false?

4. The ?² distribution is a positively skewed distribution.

True or false ?

5. The ?² goodness of fit test and the ?² test of independence are useful only if you have interval/ratio data.

True or False?

6. Dependent samples, where each is measured on one dichotomous variable, can be analyzed using the McNemar test for significance of change.

True or false?

7. Parametric tests are usually more powerful than their nonparametric analogs.

Group of answer choices

True or False ?

8. A value of Y as predicted from the regression line is symbolized by .

True or false?

9. A scatter diagram plots which of the following?

• Group of answer choices
• the distribution of the dependent variable
• the distribution of the independent variable
• residuals on one axis and the independent variable on the other
• one variable on the X axis and another on the Y axis

10. If it is impossible to determine whether the points in a scatter diagram tend from lower right to upper left or from upper right to lower left, the correlation is probably

Group of answer choices

• negative
• positive
• zero or close to zero

11. Which of the following values for a correlation coefficient would indicate the strongest degree of relationship?

Group of answer choices

• -.69
• +.59

c. +.03

d. -.35

12. If ?z_Xz_Y = 4 and n = 9, r is

Group of answer choices

a. +.50

b. -.50

c. 0

d. impossible to determine from the information provided

13. _ is the appropriate correlation coefficient for interval/ratio data; ____ is the appropriate correlation coefficient for ordinal data.

Group of answer choices

• Spearman’s r_S / Pearson’s r
• Spearman’s r_S / no statistic
• Pearson’s r / Spearman’s r_S
• Pearson’s r / no statistic

14. Exhibit 16-1
Suppose you are interested in the relationship between number of piano lessons and skill as a piano player. You obtain reports about the number of lessons 50 children have had, and then have judges rate the skill of the piano players on a scale from 1 to 100 (100 being “excellent”). Then you compute a correlation coefficient for these data.

Refer to Exhibit 16-1. You would expect that the correlation coefficient would probably be

Group of answer choices

• one
• negative
• positive
• zero

15. The appropriate standard score formula for Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient for a sample is

Group of answer choices

• ? =
• r =
• ? =
• r =

16. A correlation coefficient ranges from ____ to ____.

Group of answer choices

• The correlation coefficient can take any value and is not limited by any range.
• 0 to 1

c. 0 to 100

d. -1 to 1

17. If you superimpose a tic-tac-toe diagram on a scatterplot, a point in the upper left corner of the tic-tac-toe diagram tends to make the correlation coefficient ____ because ____.

Group of answer choices

• negative, z_X and z_Y are both negative
• positive, z_X and z_Y are both negative
• negative, z_X is negative but z_Y is positive
• positive, z_X is negative but z_Y is positive

18. The values of Y as predicted from the regression line are symbolized by?

19. The error of prediction for the ith individual is given by

Group of answer choices

• e_i =
• Y_i =
• e_i =
• e_i =

20. The slope of a straight line is defined as

Group of answer choices

• the change in Y divided by the change in X
• the value of Y when X = 0
• the value of X when Y = 0
• the change in X divided by the change in Y

21. The intercept of a straight line is defined as

Group of answer choices

• the value of Y when X = 0
• the change in Y divided by the change in X
• the change in X divided by the change in Y
• the value of X when Y = 0

22. When the regression line is written in standard form (using z scores), the intercept is

Group of answer choices

• z_a
• r
• z_b
• 0

23. Assume that = 29.6 and s_Y = 5.3. In which case is the standard error of estimate smallest?

Group of answer choices

• r = .7; s_X = 4
• r = .9; s_X = 12
• r = .4; = 100
• r = .1; = 10

24. The coefficient of determination is

Group of answer choices

• always larger than s_Y
• another name for the Pearson r
• always smaller than s_Y
• equal to r²

25. The coefficient of determination is equal to

Group of answer choices

• SS_Explained/SS_T
• r
• SS_Error/SS_T
• (SS_Explained + SS_Error)/SS_T

26. If a car has ten independent steering wheels with ten independent drivers, and each contributes equally to the direction that the car takes, the correlation between any one steering wheel and the direction the car takes is approximately

Group of answer choices

• 0
• .1
• .9
• .3

27. Assume that IQ has mean 100 and standard deviation 15 for both boys and girls, and that the correlation between brother’s and sister’s IQ is .6. Suppose you know that John’s IQ is 110. What should you predict his sister’s IQ to be?

Group of answer choices

• 115
• 110
• 100
• 94
• 106

28. What is ?

Group of answer choices

• The equation for predicting variable X from variable Y
• The equation for the regression line
• The equation for the true score
• The equation to decide why to wear a hat

29. What two pieces of information are needed when drawing a regression line?

Group of answer choices

• The value of X and the value of a
• The standard error of the estimate and the correlation coefficient
• The slope and the intercept
• Raw score and true score

30. When are you most likely to see regression to the mean?

Group of answer choices

• When you select a sample based on extremely low scores
• When the correlation coefficient is small
• When you select a sample based on extremely high scores
• All of the above

31.

Refer to Exhibit 18-1. The table shows comparisons between parametric and non parametric tests. Which test should replace the one marked <Problem 1>?

Group of answer choices

• Mann-Whitney U-test
• Goodness of fit test
• Kruskal-Wallis H-test
• Stevens-Johnson S-test
• McNemar test for significance of change

32. If we had nominal data and our null hypothesis was that the shape of a distribution did not depend on the value of another variable we would use the

Group of answer choices

• ?² goodness of fit test
• Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test
• ?² test of independence
• Mann-Whitney U test

33. Which of the following is true?

Group of answer choices

• The ?² statistic is a symmetric distribution.
• The ?² statistic, like z, has no degrees of freedom.
• One must specify, as one does when using F, two sets of degrees of freedom when using the ?² distribution.
• The ?² statistic approaches a normal distribution when the degrees of freedom is large.

34. Exhibit 18-2
Suppose I build a card shuffler, and I wish to know whether it is effective. I take a standard bridge deck (52 cards in 4 suits: 13 Clubs, 13 Diamonds, 13 Hearts, and 13 Spades), use my shuffler on it, and draw a card, noting its suit. I repeat this process 100 times, and obtain the following sample distribution: 23 Clubs, 25 Diamonds, 26 Hearts, and 26 Spades.

Refer to Exhibit 18-2. The proper test to use is

Group of answer choices

• Mann-Whitney U-test
• goodness of fit test
• Wilcoxon test
• Kruskal-Wallis H-test

35. Exhibit 18-2
Suppose I build a card shuffler, and I wish to know whether it is effective. I take a standard bridge deck (52 cards in 4 suits: 13 Clubs, 13 Diamonds, 13 Hearts, and 13 Spades), use my shuffler on it, and draw a card, noting its suit. I repeat this process 100 times, and obtain the following sample distribution: 23 Clubs, 25 Diamonds, 26 Hearts, and 26 Spades.

Refer to Exhibit 18-2. Which of the following is true?

Group of answer choices

• The appropriate statistic is F
• The number of degrees of freedom is 1
• My shuffler is biased because the sample distribution should have been 25, 25, 25, 25
• The number of degrees of freedom is 3

36. Exhibit 18-3
Observed values of two variables:

Refer to Exhibit 18-3. If we had a 4 × 4 contingency table, degrees of freedom for the x² test of independence would be

Group of answer choices

• 15
• 12
• 9
• 16
• 8

37. Exhibit 18-3
Observed values of two variables:

Refer to Exhibit 18-3. In the contingency table above, what is the expected frequency of the upper left cell?

Group of answer choices

• 40
• 10
• 12
• 30

38. Suppose we use a 9-point rating scale, and rate four subjects as shown in the table below. Then we convert those ratings to ranks so that the lowest rating is assigned a rank of 1.

Oscar’s rank is

Group of answer choices

• 3
• 4
• 1
• 5
• 2

39. When choosing between parametric and nonparametric tests, which of the following is true?

Group of answer choices

• You may always perform a nonparametric test even if a parametric test is also appropriate.
• The larger the sample size, the less critical are violations of assumptions about normality.
• Analysis of variance has been shown to be robust to violations of the assumption of normality.
• All of the above are true.
• Parametric tests are usually more powerful than nonparametric tests.

40. There are two kinds of nonparametric tests, those ____ and those ____.

Group of answer choices

• based on inferences, based on statistics
• based on parameters, based on pluralism
• based on order, not based on order
• based on statistics, based on inferences

41. If we had nominal data and our null hypothesis was that the sampled data came from a specified distribution we would use the

Group of answer choices

• ?² test of independence
• Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test
• ?² goodness of fit test
• Mann-Whitney U test