Discuss and apply the Island equilibrium model and area effects as the relate to species richness.The two islands would be Cuba and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

Discuss and apply the Island equilibrium model and area effects as the relate to species richness.The two islands would be Cuba and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

The image below is a picture of the Madrean Archipelago in the us southwest and Mexico https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-the-Madrean-Archipelago-region-with-numbered-locations-of-fire-scar-collection_fig1_228116931

These mountaintops are actually quite moist and the biome is desert as you get further from the top (descending in altitude) They are also quite high and it gets significantly cooler as you go up every 1,000 meters. Can you discuss the effects of temperature, evapotranspiration, physical isolation (a moisture loving animal wont descend to the desert to get to another mountain) and latitudinal gradients effects on diversity? Try and integrate all of it in your responses and don’t forget about speciation…..

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6. http://apbiologykornytoto.weebly.com/primary-and-secondary-succession.html

Refer to this for an example of succesion.

http://apbiologykornytoto.weebly.com/primary-and-secondary-succession.html

1.Can you discuss the intermediate disturbance hypothesis in this scenario?

2.What types of disturbance are there?

3.Is there succession in a climax community?

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7.Can you find an example of a mutualism?

Why are commensalism hard to verify? Do you think it is generally a hidden relationship or benefit and that most interactions have some effect or is it skewed towards no real efffect?

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8.Please discuss the dynamics of plant to herbivore and vice versa. What kinds of adaptations “stem” from this interaction? Trade-offs involved? Constraints?
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9. USE IMG 1686 TO ANSWER QUESTION
Obviously predators need predation equipment to subdue prey? Give some examples and also state what might be happen with the prey (other than being eaten) How will this evolutionary dynamic unfold over time? Are there limits to this? Discuss.

Mimickry….

Notice the relationships and the patterns? Obviously this is mimickry within this family amongst different genera.

What dynamics might be driving this? Are there limits to this sort of phenomenon?

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10. USE IMG 1687 TO ANSWER question

Look at the figure with the birds and their islands.Is this related to competitive exclusion? How so?

What kind of Hetros’ (remember our four) might be at play here.

Can you connect this beak phenomenon to reaction norms?

In what directions does natural selection work in sympatry? In allopatry? hint-adaptive peak….

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11.USE IMG 1688 TO ANSWER QUESTION

The competitive exclusion principle state that no two species can occupy the same niche.

Looking at the Chthalamus versus Balanus slide we have an example of this principle in action.

What is the difference between realized and fundamental niche? what are the forces causing the differential niche? The experimental removal hints at what these might be. Discuss.