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Asphalt, or asphaltic concrete as it is sometimes called, is a very common roadway surface. Unlike concrete, asphaltic concrete remains flexible. This flexibility allows it to better handle the changing induced stress from traffic. As asphaltic concrete ages it requires maintenance and rehabilitation. There are three different types of maintenance: preventive, corrective, and emergency maintenance. Emergency maintenance costs five times more than preventive maintenance and three times more than corrective maintenance, hence it is important to make sure that maintenance is taken care of when it is needed. The three main kinds of maintenance are: crack sealing, patching, and surface treatments. Crack sealing is imperative to prevent water and debris from getting into the pavement and sub stratus weakening the roadbed. A weakened roadbed results in an uneven road surface and potholes. Patching can used to repair potholes and other damage to the road surface. There are two types of patches: cold-mix patches, and hot-mix patches. Cold-mix patches are used for temporary repairs while hot-mix patches are used for permanent repairs. Surface treatments are used for increasing or reducing the road surface friction factor. The three types of surface treats are: fog seals, aggregate surface treatments, and slurry seals. Fog seals and aggregate surface treatments increase the surface friction factor by adding sand (fog seal) or aggregate (aggregate surface treatment) to the road surface using an asphalt binder as adhesive. Slurry seals reduce the surface friction by squeegeeing fine sand onto the road surface using an asphalt binder as adhesive. The two types of asphalt binders are cutback asphalt and emulsion asphalt. Cutback asphalts are a combination of either asphalt and oil or asphalt and kerosene; cutback asphalts are not used anymore. Emulsion asphalts are a combination of asphalt and water that is heated and sprayed on the surface to be bound. The materials that go into an asphaltic concrete mix design are coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and asphalt. The mix design focused on in class was the HVEEM Method, though others exist. As most things, the HVEEM Method has advantages and disadvantages. Advantages of the HVEEM Method include attention to voids, strength, and durability, compaction in the laboratory is similar to that achieved in the field, and the strength parameter is a direct indication of the internal friction component of shear strength. The two disadvantages of the HVEEM Method are: the equipment is expensive and hard to transport, and there is not a wide range of stability measurements.

 

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